Colds in Children: causes, symptoms and solutions to clear a stuffy nose

Within the respiratory system, mucus represents an essential part of the immune system; it is a viscous substance produced by the mucous membranes that line the nose, throat, paranasal sinuses and respiratory tract. Its composition includes water, salts, antibodies and proteins and the main function of mucus is to protect and lubricate the respiratory tract, trapping dust, allergens, bacteria and other pathogens that could cause infections.

The functions of mucus

1. Protection : Mucus traps foreign particles such as dust and microbes, preventing them from penetrating deeper into the airways.
2. Hydration : keeps the respiratory tract moist, preventing drying and irritation of the mucous membranes.
3. Immunity : Contains antibodies and enzymes that help neutralize bacteria and viruses.

Sometimes situations can arise in which mucus is produced excessively by the body and there are cases in which the accumulation of mucus in the nose can cause various problems in young children, not only for their physical health but also for their well-being general.

Nasal congestion: when it occurs

Nasal congestion occurs when the tissues lining the nose swell due to inflammation of the blood vessels.
This can happen for various reasons, including:

• Viral infections (colds) : Inflammation and swelling are immune system responses to the infection.
• Allergies : Contact with allergens such as pollen, dust or animal dander can cause an allergic reaction, increasing mucus production and inflammation.
• dry air : can irritate the respiratory tract and stimulate the production of mucus as a form of protection.

When mucus turns into a cold

The common cold is caused by viruses, primarily rhinovirus but also by other viruses such as coronavirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In young children, the immune system is not yet fully developed, making them more susceptible to infections.

When your child becomes infected with one of these viruses, the body responds by producing more mucus to try to expel the pathogen.

This increased mucus production can lead to the typical cold symptoms we all know:

• runny nose : the mucus becomes more liquid and abundant
• nasal congestion : the nose becomes blocked due to swelling of the mucous membranes and accumulation of mucus.
• sneezing and coughing : natural actions of the body to expel excess mucus.

A stuffy nose is a common problem in children, especially infants and toddlers, who are not yet able to blow their nose on their own.

During a cold, children may have difficulty breathing due to mucus obstructing the nasal passages, so a nasal aspirator can be a valid aid in removing excess mucus and reducing nasal congestion.

This will also be possible to prevent complications such as ear infections, which can arise if mucus accumulates and obstructs the Eustachian tubes for example.

Various types of manual nasal aspirators can be used, but an electric nasal aspirator is certainly the best solution in terms of effectiveness, comfort and above all it is more hygienic. Last but not least, it is certainly also more convenient to use quickly and without causing discomfort or disturbance to the newborn.

When it is important to keep your nose free of excess mucus

There are typical situations in which it is recommended to free the blocked nose with a nasal aspirator to immediately improve the well-being of children when they have a cold:

1. Before feedings or meals

For newborns, free nasal breathing is essential during breastfeeding. If the nose is stuffy, the baby may have difficulty sucking or swallowing. The nasal aspirator can be used:

• before each feeding to ensure that the baby can feed without difficulty.
• before meals: for older children, ensuring they can eat safely.

2. Before sleep

A stuffy nose can disturb your baby's sleep, making him restless and causing frequent awakenings. Use the nasal aspirator before putting your child to bed:

• improves the quality of sleep, allowing easier breathing.
• reduces nocturnal awakenings, ensuring more continuous and restful sleep.

3. During allergy episodes

Children who unfortunately suffer from allergies may have frequent episodes of nasal congestion due to pollen, dust or other allergens. In these cases, the electric nasal aspirator can be useful for:

• remove allergens from the nose reducing the allergic response.
• relieve symptoms, improving breathing and general comfort of the child.

4. In case of respiratory infections

With upper respiratory infections, such as sinusitis, mucus can build up and cause discomfort.

The nasal aspirator can help:

• reduce the accumulation of mucus, facilitating healing and preventing further complications.
• improve breathing, making the child more comfortable.

How to use the electric nasal aspirator to clear a stuffy nose

1. Preparation: Wash your hands and make sure the vacuum cleaner is clean.
2. Position: place the child in a reclining or lying position with the head slightly tilted.
3. Saline solution: Apply a few drops of saline solution into your nose to soften mucus.
4. Suction: gently insert the tip of the aspirator into the nostril and activate suction, following the instructions.
5. Cleaning: Clean the vacuum cleaner after each use to prevent infection.

In children with colds, mucus can vary in consistency and color, each of which can indicate different conditions and require different types of nasal aspirator nozzles or nozzles. There are several nasal aspirators on the market, some of which are very complete, such as the Nuvita portable nasal aspirator which already has several nozzles.

Colds in children: the different types of mucus. How to correctly use the different nozzles of the electric nasal aspirator

1. Transparent mucus

This is the most common type of mucus during the initial stages of a cold. It is generally a sign that the body is reacting to a viral infection; it is watery and fluid.

Recommended nozzle: with a wide tip, because it allows you to effectively aspirate fluid mucus without causing discomfort.

2. White mucus

As the cold progresses the mucus may become thicker and whitish. This is due to the presence of white blood cells that fight the infection. Despite the color, it is not necessarily a sign of a bacterial infection.

Recommended nozzle: standard, suitable for medium density mucus.

3. Yellow or green mucus

If the mucus turns yellow or green it may indicate that the body is fighting hard against the infection. This color is due to the presence of enzymes produced by white blood cells. Although commonly associated with bacterial infections, it does not always require antibiotics, but it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Recommended nozzle: with a thin tip, effective for sucking thicker and stickier mucus.

4. Gray or black mucus

This type of mucus is less common and may indicate exposure to environmental pollutants or smoking. In such cases, it is important to evaluate the environment in which the child lives.

Recommended nozzle: wide or standard tip, depending on the density of the mucus.

What to do when a small child has a cold

Here are some tips to relieve the symptoms of colds and nasal congestion in children:

• Hydration : Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids. Water, juice and milk help keep mucus thin and easier to expel.
• Humidifier : Use a humidifier in your baby's room to keep the air moist. This applies not only in winter with the radiators on but also in summer when the air conditioner or air conditioner is turned on; in both situations the air risks always being very dry
• Nasal washes : Saline solutions can help clear the nostrils and reduce congestion.
• Use a nasal aspirator if there is excessive mucus
• Elevating the head : Elevating your baby's head slightly during sleep can make breathing easier.

Colds are a common but annoying condition in children under three years old. Understanding the different types of mucus and their impact on health can help parents better manage symptoms and improve their child's well-being. Using a nasal aspirator with the appropriate nozzle, along with other supportive strategies, can make colds more manageable and less stressful for the child and parents. If your child's cold or nasal congestion symptoms do not improve after a week, or if other symptoms such as high fever and difficulty breathing appear, it is always important to consult your pediatrician for medical advice.